Macroscopic and microscopic results suggested in students’ scientific explanations.
| Type | Thermal equilibrium | Thermal expansion} | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Response | N(%) | Response | N(%) | |
| R-Ma |
Water temperature is lowered and ice pack temperature is increased (R1) The two temperatures becomes the same (R2) |
28 (29.2) |
Temperature increases (R1) |
6 (6.6) |
| (R1-Ma)-(R1-Mi) -(R2-Ma)-(R2-Mi)-⋯ |
The temperature of the ice pack increases and the temperature of the cup lowered (R1-Ma). The molecular motion of ice pack become more active, those of water in the cup slows down (R1-Mi), ⋯ the two temperature becomes the same |
5 (5.2) |
Temperature increases (R1-Ma), particle motion becomes active (R1-Mi), the distance between the particles increases (R2-Mi), and volume increases (R2-Ma),⋯ |
6 (6.6) |
| Sum | 33 (34.4) | 12 (13.2) | ||