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Table. 1.

Classification of students’ explanations.


Type Thermal equilibrium N(%) Thermal expansion N(%) χ2(p)
Scientific explanation 33 (34.4) 12 (13.2) 14.733 (0.0001***)
Non-scientific explanation 38 (39.6) 60 (65.9)
Misconception 25 (26.1) 19 (20.9)
Sum 96 (100) 91 (100

***p < .001

New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2024;74:578~588 https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.74.578
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