Elementary students’ understanding, certainty on properties of light (N = 130).
| No | Question | Understanding (%) | Average certainty correct answers (1–5) | Average certainty wrong answers (1–5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How far does the light reach when the curtain is opened? | 8.5 | 3.55 | 3.44 |
| 2 | Where is the light in the room when the lamp is turned on? | 3.8 | 3.40 | 3.32 |
| 3 | Red light is shining on an object. What color is the shadow behind the object? | 73.1 | 3.74 | 2.86 |
| 4 | What happens when green light is shone on a shadow created by red light? | 29.2 | 2.42 | 2.86 |
| 5 | If a mirror reflects a light and makes it look like there are two lights, will the light on my desk be as bright as if I had two lights on? | 16.9 | 2.91 | 2.81 |
| 6 | Why do objects appear visible to our eyes? | 17.7 | 3.71 | 2.83 |
| 7 | A fisherman is out in the water and sees a fish in the water. The fisherman wants to catch the fish with his harpoon. When he sees the fish, where should he throw the harpoon? | 12.3 | 1.81 | 3.26 |
| 8 | How does the size of a fish in an aquarium appear? | 42.3 | 3.05 | 2.87 |