Fig. 1. (Color online) Comprehensive vibrational transition frequencies for various chemical bonds encountered in experimental analysis. This diagram illustrates the ranges for single, double, and triple bonds of carbon-carbon (C-C), carbon-oxygen (C-O), carbon-nitrogen (C-N) and nitrogen-oxygen (N-O), as well as the typical vibrational transitions for C-H, O-H, and N-H bonds in organic molecules. Colored bands indicate the spectral range of each vibrational frequency, highlighting the important vibrational modes. Notably, the region between 1800–2000 cm-1 exhibits fewer bands, primarily due to the general absence of triple bonds and specific double bond transitions in typical organic molecules, which do not commonly fall within this frequency range.
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