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Table. 1.

Overview of spectral regions with corresponding energy transitions, wavelengths, energies, and wavenumbers.

Spectrum Classification Energy Transitions Wavelength Range (nm) Wavenumber (cm-1) Energy (eV)
X-rays Bond breaking 0.01–10 106109 124 – 124 × 103 eV
Ultraviolet Electronic 200–400 25,000–50,000 3.10–6.20
Visible 400–800 12,500–25,000 1.55–3.10
Infrared Vibrational 2,500–25,000 400–4,000 0.05–0.5
Microwave Rotational 106109 0.01–10 1.24 × 10-6 – 1.24 × 10-3
Radio frequencies Electronic spin 106107 1–10 1.24 × 10-4 – 1.24 × 10-3
Nuclear spin 1091010 10-310-2 1.24 × 10-7 – 1.24 × 10-6
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2024;74:746~760 https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.74.746
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