Number of groups measured correct voltage through ‘measurement’ and ‘simulation experiments’ activity.
| Circuit switch | Interval | Number of groups measured correct voltage | |||||||
| Measurement activity | Simulation experiments activity | ||||||||
| Elementary Middle school(6) | High school (11) | Pre-service teachers(4) | Total (21) | Elementary Middle school(6) | High school (11) | Pre-service teachers(4) | Total (21) | ||
| Open | a-b | 6(100.0%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 21(100.0%) | 5(83.3%) | 10(90.9%) | 4(100.0%) | 19(90.5%) |
| b-c | 5(83.3%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 20(95.2%) | 5(83.3%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 20(95.2%) | |
| c-d | 6(100.0%) | 10(90.9%) | 4(100.0%) | 20(95.2%) | 5(83.3%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 20(95.2%) | |
| d-e | 6(100.0%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 21(100.0%) | 5(83.3%) | 10(90.9%) | 4(100.0%) | 19(90.5%) | |
| e-a | 6(100.0%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 21(100.0%) | 5(83.3%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 20(95.2%) | |
| Average | 5.8(96.7%) | 10.8(98.2%) | 4(100.0%) | 20.6(98.1%) | 5(83.3%) | 10(90.9%) | 4(100.0%) | 19.6(93.3%) | |
| Close | a-b | 4(66.7%) | 11(100.0%) | 3(75.0%) | 18(85.7%) | 5(83.3%) | 10(90.9%) | 4(100.0%) | 19(90.5%) |
| b-c | 3(50.0%) | 10(90.9%) | 4(100.0%) | 17(81.0%) | 6(100.0%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 21(100.0%) | |
| c-d | 6(100.0%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 21(100.0%) | 5(83.3%) | 10(90.9%) | 4(100.0%) | 19(90.5%) | |
| d-e | 6(100.0%) | 10(90.9%) | 4(100.0%) | 20(95.2%) | 5(83.3%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 20(95.2%) | |
| e-a | 5(83.3%) | 10(90.9%) | 4(100.0%) | 19(90.5%) | 6(100.0%) | 11(100.0%) | 4(100.0%) | 21(100.0%) | |
| Average | 4.8(80.8%) | 10.4(94.5%) | 3.8(95.0%) | 19(90.5%) | 5.4(90.0%) | 10.6(96.4%) | 4(100.0%) | 20(95.2%) | |