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Table. 2.

Categories of digital literacy frameworks.


Categories Definition Examples
TPACK-Based Frameworks Frameworks that emphasize the interaction between technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge to facilitate effective integration of technology in teaching TPACK, TPASK, TPCKCx, Five categories of TPACK, TP-STEM
Practical TPACK Frameworks Frameworks designed for practical application in educational settings, including curriculum design, teaching and learning, and assessment, based on the TPACK Multiple Aspects of TPACK, TPACK-P, ICT-TPACK-Science
Digital Literacy and Competence Frameworks Frameworks that emphasize the detailed and specific aspects of digital tool usage Digital Literacy Model, DiKoLAN, DigComp, DigCompEdu
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2025;75:74~86 https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.75.74
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