Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
pISSN 0374-4914
eISSN 2289-0041
pISSN 0374-4914
eISSN 2289-0041
Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
Abstract : This study investigated pre-service elementary school teachers' preconceptions regarding the shape of light from the bulbs passing through a small hole by varying the shape of the hole (circular or triangular) and the type of light source (point, linear, or composite). The analysis revealed that the majority of participants, regardless of the number or shape of light sources, responded that the light passing through a circular hole would form a single circular shape on the screen, while the light passing through a triangular hole would form a single triangular shape on the screen. Additionally, 74 participants (71.2%) consistently responded with misconceptions across all the questions. They believed that the shape of light projected onto the screen was determined by the hole shape in the mask, or that the light spread out in a circular manner after passing through the small hole. Furthermore, some participants believed that as the number or size of bulbs increased, the lit area on the screen would also become larger. The findings could be used as fundamental data for developing educational courses and programs at teacher training universities (colleges) to correct the pre-service elementary school teachers' misconceptions regarding the rectilinear propagation of light.
Abstract : Unlike normal interference signals, chirped interference signals cannot be used to obtain the position of a reflector using the Fourier transform. Instead, convolution can extract information about the center wavenumber of the chirped interference signal, which can then be converted into specific position information. The positions and full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the characteristic peaks resulting from the convolution are interpreted as the position and spatial resolution of the reflector. In this study, the chirped interference signals were acquired by varying the wavelength resolution of the spectrometer from 0.05 to 1.0 nm and the convolution of these signals was analyzed. As the wavelength resolution of the spectrometer was varied, the position of the characteristic peak remained similar, but the FHWM increased proportionally. The spectral resolution of the spectrometer did not have a significant effect on determining the position of the reflector, but higher spectral resolution resulted in better spatial resolution.
Abstract : In recent years, generative AI technology, especially large language models (LLMs), has garnered significant attention for its potential to transform education. This paper provides an overview of generative AI's development and examines its impact on education, focusing on the issue of `hallucinations' in LLMs. It explores the causes and proposes solutions such as finetuning, reasoning, iterative querying, and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). These methods aim to enhance the accuracy and reliability of AI responses. Examples of AI applications in education include real-time student query responses, personalized learning pathways, and assessment feedback. While these technologies promise to improve educational quality, they also raise concerns about biases and data privacy. This paper discusses strategies to effectively utilize generative AI in education, aiming to improve quality while minimizing negative impacts.
Abstract : This study analyzed the understanding of interval voltage in electric circuits among elementary, middle, and high school students and pre-service physics teachers. As a result only 14.7% of elementary, middle, and high school students responded scientifically to the definition of voltage before the lesson, and 81.8% of pre-service physics teachers did. Second, less than 10% of students and pre-service physics teachers correctly predicted interval voltages in electric circuits and provided scientific explanations. Third, students and pre-service physics teachers almost accurately measured interval voltages, closely matching theoretical values, using both experimental methods using experimental tools and simulation. Fourth, survey results after the lesson indicated that both students and pre-service physics teachers considered the combination of measurement activities and simulation activities the most effective teaching method for learning interval voltage in electric circuits. Based on these results, implications for the science education and curriculum, as well as teaching and learning were discussed.
Abstract : Superconductor is a substance of zero-resistance below critical temperature and it has been attracted lots of attention from many researchers due to the possibility of applications in various field such as quantum computing which is the hottest topic on recent science community. However, for these applications, it is necessary to prepare high quality superconductor films and understand the physical characteristics of films. In this study, we grew YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO) thin films and established concrete conditions to synthesize highly qualified thin films with a high critical temperature and narrow transition width. Then, we analyzed samples showing different critical temperature using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Through the analysis, it is identified that there is ab twinning on YBCO film with a high critical temperature (∼93 K), which are strong evidences of tetragonal-orthorhombic phase transition.
Abstract : The 4f spectra of YbInCu4 were measured by photoemission spectroscopy by using 880 eV photons. We analyzed the 4f spectra theoretically with the single impurity Hamiltonian. By analyzing the 4f spectra theoretically, we found a bare 4f binding energy (εf) rather than a hybridization (Δav) to be more important in explaining the change of a Yb 4f electron number. Hence, we concluded that the change of the εf in the Kondo volume collapse model was the driving force of the phase transition of YbInCu4.
Abstract : In this study, we have synthesized the PbTiO3 (PTO) nanotubes, PTO-TiO2 nanotubes, and TiO2 nanotubes by adjusting post-heat treatment conditions. Porous anodic alumina (pAA) was used as a mold and PTO nanotubes were fabricated by sol-gel spin coating method. pAA was fabricated through two-step anodization and has well-aligned pores with a diameter of ∼50 nm and a length of 20 μm. 0.3 M PTO solution was deposited on the prepared pAA by a spin-coating method. Next, polycrystalline PTO nanotubes were fabricated through drying at 200 °C for 2 minutes, pyrolysis at 400 °C for 5 minutes, and crystallization at 650 °C (O2 atmosphere) for 30 minutes. Finally, PAA was removed through chemical etching. After that, changes in structure and morphology due to the high-temperature post annealing effect were investigated. The Raman analysis results show the change from tetragonal PTO structure to anatase TiO2 structure through post annealing at 750 °C for 9 hours. These structural changes are expected to be due to the high volatility of Pb and the large surface area of the nanotubes.
Abstract : We examine the use of transverse mass, a widely employed metric for measuring the mass of particles in collider experiments, such as those at the Large Hadron Collider, particularly in scenarios where particle decay events involve invisible particles. When invisible particles are present in the final state, the momentum components parallel to the beam direction remain unknown. To address this, the kinematic information can be projected onto a plane perpendicular to the beam direction, where the invariant mass is represented as the transverse mass. Although this projection may seem ad hoc, transverse mass can also be derived algebraically, proving to be an optimal kinematic variable. We illustrate the derivation of transverse mass using both constrained minimization and the algebraic singularity method. Additionally, inspired by the potential of deriving transverse mass through constrained minimization, we explore kinematic variables extended from transverse mass that are applicable to diverse and complex event topologies.
Abstract : The Sm3+-doped NaLuP2O7 phosphor was synthesized by solid state reaction method at 700 ℃ for 40 hours. The sintered phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscope) technique. The Sm3+-doped NaLuP2O7 phosphor shows PL (photoluminescence) and XRL (X-ray luminescence) spectra in the red region because of 4Gj to 6Hj transition. The CIE chromaticity diagram shows the red color. The Sm3+-doped NaLuP2O7 phosphors were widely applied in medical and all industrial fields. Especially, the rare earth as a host materials have a high absorption efficiency for X-ray and gamma-ray because their high effective Z-number (Zeff = 53). Therefore, optical properties of the Sm3+-doped NaLuP2O7 phosphor will be presented for the future opportunities in this research.
Abstract : The 2022 revised national curriculum has emphasized the storyline and organization of physics as the foundation of the content system of physics subject. However, it is difficult to find specific explanations or related examples of the storyline and organization of physics in the 2022 revised national curriculum. Based on this problem, this study focused on the practices of physics which has the flow corresponding to the storyline and the structure corresponding to the organization of physics subject. Specifically, this research selected 『The Evolution of Physics (1938)』 (hereafter, EoP) as one of the representative science classics, which shows the practices of physics based on previous studies, and analyzed the practices of quantum mechanics in EoP. The results are as follows: Firstly, the flow of ‘Quanta’ in EoP delineates a prominent storyline centering on the transition from a mechanical view to a quantum-mechanical view. Secondly, the structure of ‘Quanta’ in EoP consists of two contrasting views, mechanical view and quantum-mechanical view. Thirdly, ‘Quanta’ in EoP highlights twelve keywords: Continuity and discontinuity, Elementary quanta, Mechanical view, Electron, Photoelectric effect, Photon, Light spectra, Waves of matter, Double-slit experiment, Duality of light and matter, Quantum-mechanical view, Probability waves.
Abstract : This study investigated pre-service elementary school teachers' preconceptions regarding the shape of light from the bulbs passing through a small hole by varying the shape of the hole (circular or triangular) and the type of light source (point, linear, or composite). The analysis revealed that the majority of participants, regardless of the number or shape of light sources, responded that the light passing through a circular hole would form a single circular shape on the screen, while the light passing through a triangular hole would form a single triangular shape on the screen. Additionally, 74 participants (71.2%) consistently responded with misconceptions across all the questions. They believed that the shape of light projected onto the screen was determined by the hole shape in the mask, or that the light spread out in a circular manner after passing through the small hole. Furthermore, some participants believed that as the number or size of bulbs increased, the lit area on the screen would also become larger. The findings could be used as fundamental data for developing educational courses and programs at teacher training universities (colleges) to correct the pre-service elementary school teachers' misconceptions regarding the rectilinear propagation of light.
Abstract : As quantum technology becomes crucial for society, its importance in secondary school education is growing. This study explores physics teachers' perceptions of quantum physics education to provide insights for teaching. This study assessed teachers' interest, teaching efficacy, the necessity and importance of teaching compared to other physics areas, along with their perceptions of quantum physics curriculum. A nationwide survey of 125 physics teachers revealed that, while they acknowledge the importance of quantum physics, their interest, efficacy, and perceived necessity in an educational context were lower than for other physics areas. Career relevance and societal advancement were the main reasons cited for the need to teach quantum physics, with over 60% supporting its inclusion in the curriculum. Familiarity with new quantum topics is generally low, especially among less experienced teachers. Although there is a positive outlook on expanding quantum physics education, the lower emphasis compared to classical physics and unfamiliarity with new concepts suggest the need for improved teacher training to introduce quantum physics into schools.
Abstract : We examine the Galilean transformation of non-relativistic matter waves, a topic that often causes confusion in undergraduate classes, and review its solutions. The matter wave proposed by de Broglie has a wavelength inversely proportional to momentum. Since the momentum of an object varies between observers, the wavelength of the matter wave also differs for each observer. However, since matter waves can be obtained as solutions to the Schrödinger equation, and the non-relativistic nature of the Schrödinger equation precludes length contraction, the observer-dependence of the wavelength leads to confusion. Moreover, the wave function appears to be non-covariant under the Galilean transform, acquiring an extra factor after the transformation. This paper explains that the factor is merely a phase factor and reviews that with an appropriate gauge transformation, the Schrödinger equation can be made covariant under Galilean transformations. We present the results with detailed calculations to reduce confusion caused by the Galilean transformation of wave functions in classes.
Abstract : We investigate semantics networks of achievement standards for physics subjects in the 2022 revised curriculum to derive information embedded in the curriculum. We extract each subject’s keywords with node strength and random-walk betweenness, detect communities of physics terms by the optimized greedy algorithm, and find the connectivity of physics subjects using bipartite networks. The network analysis reveals three remarkable results: First, keywords are about scientific thinking and practices, evolving to a higher level as the grades increase. Second, there is a lack of connection to learning content in physics. Lastly, achievement standards for ‘Integrated Science’ are inadequate to fulfill the intended purpose of the curriculum. This is attributed to the reduced learning volume in the 2022 revised curriculum. Our study implies that the curriculum and achievement standards should be improved for the better connectivity of subjects.
Abstract : Despite many studies on the majority voter model, critical phenomena on Kagomé lattice have not been well understood. In this study, we performed Monte Carlo simulations of three-state majority voter model on the Kagomé lattice to gain an insight into its critical phenomena. We applied order parameter to calculate susceptibility and used the finite size scaling law to obtain the critical noise qc=0.095(3), and critical exponents γν=1.74(2) and βν=0.13(1). The results of this study showed that the calculated critical exponents satisfy the Rushbrooke and Josephson scaling law.
Abstract : The effects of various combinations of microlens arrays on the color rendering and correlated color temperature of the white LED consisting of a yellow phosphor and a red quantum dot film were investigated. When an optical film that forms a strong optical cavity, like a prism film, was applied, the multiple reflections of light within the cavity were enhanced, increasing the color conversion efficiency of the phosphor and quantum dots. Consequently, the color rendering index improved, and the correlated color temperature decreased. By appropriately combining prism and lenticular microlens arrays, it was possible to variably alter the viewing angle characteristics. These results demonstrate that by applying red quantum dot films and various microlens arrays, lighting characteristics suitable for spaces requiring high color rendering and concentrated light distribution, such as museums and exhibition halls, can be achieved.
Abstract : This study investigated the impact of an asteroid on the orbit of the Earth if it collided with the Earth. This study basically used Kepler's laws of planetary motion and created a simulation model of the asteroid's collision with the Earth by coding the numerical Euler method using the Python program. The simulation results showed that the Earth's elliptical orbit changes as the mass of the asteroid increases. When an asteroid weighing about 10% of the Earth's mass collided with the Earth, the eccentricity of the Earth’s elliptical orbit changed from 0.063 to 0.302. In the change of the orbit, the perihelion of the Earth approached much closer to the Sun. The perihelion distance was 1,014×108 km, with the Earth's orbit reduced by approximately 31% from the original value in the absence of asteroid collision. These results suggest that asteroid collisions can cause changes in the elliptical orbit of the Earth, as well as changes in distance between the Earth and the Sun, resulting in a change in the survival environment of life on Earth, such as solar radiation. Moreover, two problems related to the orbit of the Earth were investigated. One problem involved changing the position of the planets within the solar system, and then investigating the resulting changes in the orbit of the Earth and the consequent changes in Earth's surface temperature. The other problem involved investigating the most efficient optimal orbit for sending a probe from Earth to Mars. The findings of this study can be used to find planets with the most similar environments to Earth or to predict the environments of unknown planets.
Abstract : Unlike normal interference signals, chirped interference signals cannot be used to obtain the position of a reflector using the Fourier transform. Instead, convolution can extract information about the center wavenumber of the chirped interference signal, which can then be converted into specific position information. The positions and full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the characteristic peaks resulting from the convolution are interpreted as the position and spatial resolution of the reflector. In this study, the chirped interference signals were acquired by varying the wavelength resolution of the spectrometer from 0.05 to 1.0 nm and the convolution of these signals was analyzed. As the wavelength resolution of the spectrometer was varied, the position of the characteristic peak remained similar, but the FHWM increased proportionally. The spectral resolution of the spectrometer did not have a significant effect on determining the position of the reflector, but higher spectral resolution resulted in better spatial resolution.
Aekyung Shin, Donggeul Hyun, Jeongwoo Park
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2023; 73(1): 37-43
https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.73.37
Geon Park, Inseo Kim, Hojung Sun, Yongjei Lee, Kimoon Lee, JungYup Yang
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2023; 73(1): 23-28
https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.73.23
Bongwoo Lee*
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2022; 72(10): 795-805
https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.72.795
pISSN 0374-4914
