Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
pISSN 0374-4914
eISSN 2289-0041
pISSN 0374-4914
eISSN 2289-0041
Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
Abstract : Ion trap is emerging as one of the key techniques in the field of quantum computing due to its high precision and long coherence time. This review covers recent research trends in quantum computing technologies based on ion trap, discussing the technological advancements in the control and operation of quantum bits (qubits). We deal with quantum state preparation, Rabi oscillations, and decoherence suppression methods within ion trap systems. Additionally, the potential and commercialization prospects of ion trap for realizing next-generation quantum computers are examined, along with its contributions to enhancing the performance of quantum computers. Compared to other quantum computing implementations, ion trap offers remarkable accuracy and scalability, and it is expected to play a crucial role in the development of next-generation high-performance quantum computers.
Abstract : In high-energy experiments, photo detectors using photomultiplier tubes require detection materials that absorb the energy of incident particles and convert it into an optical signal. These materials must exhibit high geometric efficiency, scintillation efficiency, and light output. The most common detection materials that satisfy these characteristics are utilized in the form of liquid scintillators where certain organic scintillation solutes are dissolved in a solvent. In order to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio, this paper is focusing efforts on the development of next-generation liquid scintillators as detection materials and the saturation response of photomultiplier tubes to high-energy gamma rays as photo detector response characteristics. As a preliminary step towards achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio, to date, basic several research that has not been reported was performed on the recognition of detector output signal patterns and predictive maintenance of triggered detectors through signal preprocessing studies.
Abstract : Recently, researches on the various types of neuromorphic synaptic devices are attracting attention. In this paper, a synaptic device was fabricated and its characteristics were analyzed using a mesh-type platinum floating gate that mimics nanoparticles. Compared with single floating gates, mesh-type floating gates have a wider memory window and excellent electrical characteristics with improved operation speed and retention. Appropriate thickness conditions were set by checking the EOT (equivalent oxide thickness) and breakdown voltage of the tunnel oxide and control oxide using capacitance-voltage curves and a current-voltage curve. Excellent program and erase operation, synaptic weight, repeatability, reproducibility and memory window width were confirmed using the capacitance-voltage curves. It was compared whether the same performance was achieved even if part of the floating gate was damaged, suggesting the possibility of a synaptic device.
Abstract : Hamiltonian-based impurity solvers for dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) approximate a continuous hybridization function with a finite set of effective bath orbitals to keep computational costs manageable. This process involves minimizing a cost function that quantifies the difference between the hybridization function of the continuous bath and that of a finite number of bath orbitals. However, as the number of effective bath orbitals increases, minimizing a multi-dimensional cost function becomes increasingly complex, and the computational expense of optimizing bath parameters escalates. To address these challenges, we employ a machine learning approach using supervised learning to replace computationally intensive tasks. We test various features and labels to identify efficient machine-learning models capable of bypassing the time-consuming bath fitting procedure.
Abstract : This study investigated pre-service elementary school teachers' preconceptions regarding the shape of light from the bulbs passing through a small hole by varying the shape of the hole (circular or triangular) and the type of light source (point, linear, or composite). The analysis revealed that the majority of participants, regardless of the number or shape of light sources, responded that the light passing through a circular hole would form a single circular shape on the screen, while the light passing through a triangular hole would form a single triangular shape on the screen. Additionally, 74 participants (71.2%) consistently responded with misconceptions across all the questions. They believed that the shape of light projected onto the screen was determined by the hole shape in the mask, or that the light spread out in a circular manner after passing through the small hole. Furthermore, some participants believed that as the number or size of bulbs increased, the lit area on the screen would also become larger. The findings could be used as fundamental data for developing educational courses and programs at teacher training universities (colleges) to correct the pre-service elementary school teachers' misconceptions regarding the rectilinear propagation of light.
Abstract : Ion trap is emerging as one of the key techniques in the field of quantum computing due to its high precision and long coherence time. This review covers recent research trends in quantum computing technologies based on ion trap, discussing the technological advancements in the control and operation of quantum bits (qubits). We deal with quantum state preparation, Rabi oscillations, and decoherence suppression methods within ion trap systems. Additionally, the potential and commercialization prospects of ion trap for realizing next-generation quantum computers are examined, along with its contributions to enhancing the performance of quantum computers. Compared to other quantum computing implementations, ion trap offers remarkable accuracy and scalability, and it is expected to play a crucial role in the development of next-generation high-performance quantum computers.
Abstract : In high-energy experiments, photo detectors using photomultiplier tubes require detection materials that absorb the energy of incident particles and convert it into an optical signal. These materials must exhibit high geometric efficiency, scintillation efficiency, and light output. The most common detection materials that satisfy these characteristics are utilized in the form of liquid scintillators where certain organic scintillation solutes are dissolved in a solvent. In order to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio, this paper is focusing efforts on the development of next-generation liquid scintillators as detection materials and the saturation response of photomultiplier tubes to high-energy gamma rays as photo detector response characteristics. As a preliminary step towards achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio, to date, basic several research that has not been reported was performed on the recognition of detector output signal patterns and predictive maintenance of triggered detectors through signal preprocessing studies.
Abstract : The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges faced by textbook authors in understanding the achievement standards and inquiry activities of the 2022 revised science curriculum during the development of the "Scientific Inquiry Experiment" textbook. To achieve this, 43 opinions provided by the textbook authors were analyzed across categories such as understanding curriculum expressions, structuring inquiry activities, feasibility of implementation, appropriateness, and the scope of activities. The results revealed several issues, including the ambiguity of curriculum expressions, difficulties in linking achievement standards with inquiry activities, and challenges in designing inquiries as prescribed by the curriculum. Additionally, concerns were raised regarding the educational validity of some inquiry activities, the challenges of designing time-intensive inquiries, and safety-related issues. Some authors also pointed out that certain inquiries were difficult to implement. Based on these findings, the study discusses the implications for ensuring consistency between the curriculum and textbook content, enhancing teacher training for inquiry-based education, and the need for further research on curriculum implementation.
Abstract : The study explores the structural relationships among students’ understanding of nature of science and technology, risk-related knowledge, risk perception, sense of responsibility, and willingness to act, focusing on differing contexts of science and technology. 334 university students participated in an online survey addressing advanced information technology (AI, big data, metaverse, etc.) and nuclear energy. After ensuring the validity and reliability of each instrument, structural equation modeling was conducted to analyze the relationships among the variables. The results showed that awareness of the uncertainty of science and technology and risk-related knowledge influenced risk perception, which affected the sense of responsibility, and ultimately, the willingness to act. These relationships varied by context: in advanced information technology, risk-related knowledge significantly influenced responsibility, whereas no such relationship was found in nuclear energy.
Abstract : This study analyzed the dimensions and levels of reflective thinking in the project learning e-portfolio of pre-service physics teachers. Reflective thinking was analyzed by dividing it into three dimensions: focus, inquiry, and change, and routine, technical, dialogic, and transformative levels. Reflective thinking was analyzed based on self-reflection at each stage of instructional design, instructional planning, class demonstration, and video production. In the first reflection, only reflective thinking at the routine and technical level was made in terms of focus and inquiry. In the second reflection, most of the dimensions of reflective thinking were focus and inquiry, but some of the dimensions of change were suggested. In the third reflection, the dimensions of focus, inquiry, and change appeared evenly, and it was particularly noticeable that reflective thinking at the dialogic and transformative level was presented. As a result of this, it is judged that the experience of creating an e-portfolio while carrying out a project composed of several stages, from instructional design to class demonstration video production, had a positive effect on the reflective thinking of pre-service physics teachers.
Abstract : This study analyzed the scientific literacy shown in the physics achievement standards of the 2022 revised curriculum. To this end, according to the analysis framework of Chiappetta et al.(1991), scientific literacy was examined in four areas as ‘science as a body of knowledge’, ‘science as a way of investigation’, ‘science as a way of thinking’, ‘interaction of science, technology’ , looked into four areas of ‘society’. As a result of the analysis, the area ‘science as a body of knowledge’ was the most frequent, followed by ‘interaction of science, technology, society’, ‘science as a way of investigation’, and ‘science as a way of thinking’. In particular, the proportion of the areas of ‘science as a way of investigation’ and ‘science as a way of thinking’ was relatively low, showing that there was a large difference in scientific literacy in each area in the physics achievement standards. As a result of analyzing the scientific literacy areas shown in the achievement standards of each category by dividing the topics categories in the physics subjects into ‘force and motion’, ‘energy’, ‘electricity and magnetism’, and ‘light, waves, and matter’, ‘science as a body of knowledge’ was the most common. However, areas of scientific literacy excluding this showed different proportions by topics.
Abstract : We provide locally-flat-coordinates-system (local-inertial-frame) on a few representative space-(time), obtained by numerical method. Here we construct the coordinate-system by piling squares, supposing inner product of very short vectors is given by metric. In the case of surface of Earth, we can confirm that geodesics are curved and vector rotates when parallel transported, on map. In the case of Schwartzshield space-time, it can be seen that local-inertial-frame is curved which is helpful to intuitively understand how a fixed observer on Earth become an accelerated one. In the case of Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker space-time, we can see that equal-time-line is curved toward past-direction which means that events with equal t values are not simultaneous ones, and it was helpful to see how universe is expanding, intuitively. However, the method we suggest here has dependency on coordinates because we used not geodesic lines but very short lines in coordinate space.
Abstract : The detection of chemical concentrations in fluids is a crucial technology for quality control of manufactured products, ensuring process reliability, and maintaining environmental safety. In this study, we investigated the measurement of ethanol concentration in water based on microwave near-field imaging using Thermo-elastic Optical Indicator Microscopy. We prepared dielectric tubes filled with aqueous ethanol solutions of varying concentrations and visualized the microwave near-field around the tubes. We analyzed the distribution and intensity changes of the microwave near-field corresponding to different ethanol concentrations. The experimental results confirmed that ethanol concentration in the liquid sample inside the dielectric tube can be measured through microwave near-field imaging in a non-contact and non-invasive way.
Abstract : This study introduces a wide-field photothermal reflectance microscopy system integrated with a commercial microscope for imaging gold nanorods (GNRs) of varying aspect ratios (AR). Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have unique properties valuable for biomedical applications, including cancer therapy. GNRs, in particular, exhibit tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based on their AR, enabling efficient light absorption and heat generation via the photothermal effect. The system uses two CCD cameras and a single-wavelength pump beam, simplifying photothermal imaging and allowing sensitive detection of GNRs. Dark-field imaging helps distinguish GNRs from contaminants, enhancing efficiency. The system successfully differentiates GNRs with varying ARs based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in photothermal images. Future work will explore tunable wavelength beams to analyze more nanorod shapes, offering a valuable tool for nanoparticle research and applications.
Abstract : We present an analytic study of generalized polarization spectroscopy for the Fg=0→Fe=1 transition with a circularly (elliptically) polarized pump (probe) beam. Polarization rotation angle, ellipticity, and amplitude of the electric field of probe beam are obtained analytically up to first (arbitrary) order in probe (pump) beam's Rabi frequency. Experimental schemes for measuring polarization rotation angle and ellipticity are also demonstrated.
Abstract : In electrical and electronic systems, conductive wires are used for the transmission of electrical power and signals, and detecting electrical faults in these wires is crucial for ensuring the reliable operation of these systems. Traditional methods of detecting electrical faults primarily rely on contact-based electrical measurements, which have the drawback of not providing spatial information about the fault, making it difficult to determine the exact location of the fault within the conductive wire. In this study, we report a non-contact method for detecting electrical faults in wires using microwave near-field imaging with thermo-elastic optical indicator microscopy. Various types and locations of faults were introduced into the wires under investigation, and the changes in the microwave near-field distribution caused by the fault conditions of the wires were investigated. From the experimental results, we confirmed that electrical faults in wires can be detected in a non-contact and non-destructive manner through the microwave near-field distribution
Abstract : New biometric information is needed to diagnose the cardiovascular and circulatory system symptoms caused by obesity and high blood pressure in children and adolescents. A new spatial peripheral blood flow velocity (SPBFV) was obtained by comparing the peak time difference between two pulse waveforms measured by easily wearing two photoplethysmograms (PPGs) on the wrist and fingers of child and youth simultaneously. The biological signal called SPBFV and studied in pilot clinical experiments for the ages increased from 9 years old to 14 years old. Heart rate decreased linearly from 109/min to 69/min, and SPBFV value decreased linearly with age from 24 cm/s to 23.1 cm/s. Additionally, the relationship between systolic blood pressure and SPBFV tended to be inversely proportional. This is thought to be because the blood vessels of youth are better developed than those of child, which requires an increased surface area of more capillaries to supply blood to the peripheral tissues. Therefore, the SPBFV value showed the possibility of being used as an important indicator for early diagnosis of diseases related to the growth status of blood vessels in child and youth.
Aekyung Shin, Donggeul Hyun, Jeongwoo Park
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2023; 73(1): 37-43
https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.73.37
Geon Park, Inseo Kim, Hojung Sun, Yongjei Lee, Kimoon Lee, JungYup Yang
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2023; 73(1): 23-28
https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.73.23
Sangwoo Ha
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2023; 73(9): 734-749
https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.73.734
pISSN 0374-4914
