Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
pISSN 0374-4914
eISSN 2289-0041
pISSN 0374-4914
eISSN 2289-0041
Ex) Article Title, Author, Keywords
Abstract : An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a powerful analytical tool for many fields of science and engineering. Despite its usefulness, the actual instrument is highly technical and expensive, rendering it inaccessible to a majority of practitioners in science and engineering education. Growing curiosity of students through the hands-on learning method is appealing to education managers. Adoption of LEGO® or similar educational kits into a school environment can not only fascinate the interests of students for learning but also resolve the cost problems. Our conceptual AFM system constructed with LEGO® Education SPIKETM Prime kit is very much suitable for explaining the principles behind the workings of an AFM while promoting students interests in experimental aspects of scientific instrumentation.
Abstract : In this study, mode-locking condition analysis was conducted on an optical fiber laser with λ/4 plate, λ/2 plate, and polarizer sequentially installed inside for mode-locked pulse generation via the nonlinear polarization rotation effect in the optical fiber. To examine the rotation angle conditions of wave plates where mode-locked pulses occur, an experiment was conducted to measure the polarization state of the beam at the optical fiber’s resonator end. The results were employed to acquire a transmittance map of the output coupler based on the rotation angles of the wave plates. The correlation between the measured mode-locking region and the obtained transmittance of the output coupler was analyzed based on the rotation angles of the wave plates. The findings revealed that the rotation angle region of the wave plates where mode-locked pulses occur can be easily observed on the transmittance map.
Abstract : Using a scaling analysis of statistical physics, this study quantitatively reveals the relationship between department and freshman densities by majors in Korean higher education institutions against the regional school-age population density. In particular, we define a scaling exponent that quantifies differences in department and freshman densities in accordance with the differences in the regional school-age population density. We also discuss the regional differences in higher education with the temporal change of the exponent. The scaling exponents of junior colleges are higher than those of universities. Moreover, the scaling exponents of basic natural science, education, and medical–pharmaceutical majors are smaller than those of others. The exponents of freshman density increase over time in all disciplines, implying increasing regional differences in higher education. Finally, the findings can be extended to a more systematic study to plan the coexistence of balanced development with regional communities.
Abstract : In many complex systems, the dynamic processes that take place on a network and the changes in the network topology are intertwined. Here, we propose a model of coevolutionary dynamics of information spreading which is accompanied with link rewiring to facilitate the propagation of information. In our model, nodes possessing information attempt to contact new susceptible nodes through the link rewiring while the information spreads on a network. Using moment-closure and heterogeneous mean-field approximations, we examine both the information spread dynamics and network evolution focusing on epidemic size, epidemic threshold, and degree distributions at the steady state. We found that more frequent heterophilic link rewiring leads to a larger epidemic size but does not alter the epidemic threshold. We also observed that link rewiring results in a broader degree distribution in the steady state. This study provides an insight into the the role of the heterophilic link rewiring in both facilitating information propagation and inducing network heterogeneity.
Abstract : The first steam engine, the Aeolipile, was powered by action–reaction and rotational forces. This study presented the Aeolipile model experiments ‘Spinning water bottle’ and ‘Spinning straw’ to gifted science students and instructed them to generate corresponding explanatory models. Results showed that the gifted students most commonly provided explanatory models that explain the spinning phenomenon based on the concept of action–reaction. Additionally, the most common groups included students who either maintained a level 3 model that correctly explained the rotational phenomenon based on the law of action and reaction or progressed to a level 4 model that discusses the rotational phenomenon based on the law of action and reaction and rotational force. This finding confirms that science-gifted students can generate explanatory models for the Aeolipile model based on their comprehension of the law of action and reaction. Moreover, the generation of explanatory models for the ‘Spinning straw’ experiment can aid science-gifted students in comprehending and expressing rotational forces.
Abstract : Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) based on liquid-solution-precursors is widely employed for the monolayer preparation of transition-metal dichalcogenides. OptiPrep (C35H44I6N6O15), as an organic surfactant in the precursor solution, is essential to uniformly coat the precursor solution on the substrate, but residual carbon produced in the thermal decomposition process inhibits WS2 crystal growth. Although the O2 preannealing method addresses this problem, there is a possibility that WS2 is oxidized during material synthesis due to residual O2. In this study, the introduction of O2 plasma pre-treatment as a method for controlling WS2 growth is proposed. After O2 plasma pre-treatment of the substrate coated with the precursor solution before CVD growth of WS2, the carbon decomposition effect and photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of WS2 were verified by PL and Raman spectroscopy. Consequently, residual carbon was not found in WS2 grown after O2 plasma pre-treatment. In addition, as the plasma intensity increased, both the flake size of WS2 and the PL/Raman spectral signals associated with WS2 increased. These findings are ascribed to the O2 plasma pre-treatment effect, which prevents residual carbon production resulting from thermal decomposition from the OptiPrep solution.
Abstract : Perovskite solar cells greatly enhance energy conversion efficiency and are attracting a lot of attention as next-generation solar cells. More efforts are being made to commercialize perovskites due to the possibility of various applications along with the price aspect, which are difficult for current silicon solar cells. However, low reliability and device degradation are major issues that restrict further application. In this work, the degradation process of MAPbI3 perovskite was studied by first-principles calculations. MAPbI3 transforms into a stable PbI2 material by the release of MA molecules and I atoms to the outside. The findings revealed that MA molecules and I atoms can diffuse into MAPbI3 and be released during the degradation process. On this basis, we inferred that PbI2 enclosed in MAPbI3 can have a significant influence on device degradation and discussed that it can delay device degradation by reducing the enclosed PbI2 in MAPbI3.
Abstract : In this work, Zn1−xCdxO thin films were fabricated on glass substrates using the sol–gel spin coating method with Cd mole fractions x of 0–0.90. XPS and XRD revealed the wurtzite phase up to x = 0.23, with approximately 66% Cd conversion. For 0.30 ≤ x ≤ 0.60, a mixed phase was found, with 41% conversion at x = 0.30 and 106% at x = 0.60. The rock–salt phase had approximately 90% conversion. With increasing Cd concentration, the band gap energy decreased from 3.27 to 2.94 eV in the wurtzite phase, slightly increased to 3.09 eV in the mixed phase, and sharply decreased to 2.31 eV in the rock–salt phase. Transmittance of over 80% was found for x ≤ 0.60, and higher Cd content lowered the band gap, boosting free carriers and lowering the resistivity to 2.36×10−3 Ω cm.
Abstract : Particles can aggregate into “large” particles within slurry—a colloidal solution used in chemical mechanical polishing practiced in the semiconductor industry. Because these large particles can result in manufacturing defects, such as microscratches and dishings, it becomes important to understand and manage particle aggregation within the slurry. This study quantitatively explores the effect of electrical conductivity on particle aggregation in ceria slurry. While increasing the conductivity, changes in the zeta potential and pH were found to be negligible, suggesting that the effective surface potential of the particles remains unaltered, while the interaction range is lowered. As a result, the particles become thermodynamically favorable to aggregate and form large particles. This work has industrial implications to regulate the electrical conductivity of ceria, a key factor in semiconductor manufacturing.
Abstract : This study examines recent advancements in multi-strangeness production within hadron reactions. The authors introduce their recent research employing the effective Lagrangian method to analyze current experimental data. Notably, the focus is on the S = −2 channel due to its distinct characteristics compared to S = −1 channels. Specifically, we delve into reaction processes like KN → KΞ and KN → KΛΛ, offering potential insights into observing the H-dibaryon. Theoretically, the effective Lagrangian method is intensively employed for this purpose.
Abstract : A nuclear emulsion system is a very suitable detector for recognizing very short tracks (∼several µm) of S = −2 nuclei, such as double-Λ hypernuclei, twin-Λ hypernuclei, and Ξ− hypernuclei, because of its submicron spatial resolution. The S = −2 nuclei can provide special experimental information on the Λ-Λ and Ξ−-N interactions in the nuclei. The attribute of the S = −2 nuclei is their three vertices around the Ξ− stopping points. The Ξ− hyperons are generated from the quasi-free 'p'(K−, K+)Ξ− reactions. By following the Ξ− tracks plate by plate and observing the Ξ− capture points carefully in the emulsion, S = −2 nuclei can be found. In this work, two methods for emulsion scanning developed to search for S = −2 nuclei are presented, namely, the “track following method” and the “overall scanning method”, as well as the recent results of the event analysis.
Abstract : A phase shift analysis of the elastic scattering angular distributions for α + 112,120,124Sn systems at 386 MeV is performed using the McIntyre parametrized phase shift model. The calculated results not only reproduced well the structure of measured angular distribution of three scattering systems, but also showed very good agreements with the experimental data. Average of input parameter values extracted from the best fit to each α + 112,120,124Sn elastic data also provided a fairly well reproduction of experimental results. The oscillatory structure of angular distributions observed near the crossing angle is explained in terms of the strong interference between the near-side and the far-side scattering amplitudes. The behaviors of elastic cross section in the region of relatively large angles are mainly governed by the far-side contribution. As the target mass number increases, the magnitude of strong absorption radius, reaction cross section and nuclear rainbow angle tended to increase slightly.
Abstract : This study compared and analyzed the achievement standards of the 2015 revised curriculum and the 2022 revised curriculum in the physics area based on Bloom’s revised taxonomy. To this end, the 2015 revised 『Physics I』 and the 2022 revised 『Physics』 achievement standards were compared, and the 2015 revised 『Physics II』, the 2022 revised 『Mechanics and energy』, and 『Electromagnetism and quantum』 were compared and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, in all subject achievement standards in the physics area of the 2015 revised curriculum and the 2022 revised curriculum, the achievement standard presented in the form of understanding conceptual knowledge was the most common. In addition, as a result of analyzing the knowledge dimension shown in the achievement standard, conceptual knowledge was found to be the most common. In the 2022 revised physics domain, metacognitive knowledge increased. As a result of the analysis of the cognitive process dimension, ‘understanding’ was the most common in all subject achievement standards. The introduction of ‘evaluation’ in the 2022 revised curriculum achievement standard can be seen as a positive change. When designing textbook learning objectives based on the curriculum achievement standards, it is important to reflect various levels of knowledge and cognitive processes. The results of this study will be able to provide basic data for designing learning objectives based on achievement standards.
Abstract : This study investigates the impacts of a dynamic learning program that incorporates LEGO BricQ, on a group of five gifted elementary science students. To address this purpose, a 12-session dynamic learning program was designed. Adapting it to the distinctive characteristics of gifted students and aligning it with the academic curriculum, the program allowed them to develop experimental tools that inquire into physical phenomena using LEGO BricQ. To determine the effect on their affective domain, this study used both pre- and post-assessment tools and conducted one-on-one interviews with students after specific sessions. The results showed that all five participants demonstrated remarkable enhancements in their affective domain, which also seemed to resonate with their subsequent scientific activities. In conclusion, this study illuminates the advantages and disadvantages of leveraging LEGO in physics education and highlights potential areas for refinement.
Abstract : As the micro:bit was upgraded to V2, the space where the collected data were recorded was changed from the computer to the micro:bit. In this study, a wireless data automatic recording system was developed using micro:bit, which works even with these changes. We exemplified the physics inquiry using the logging system and discussed the points to consider when using the micro:bit for developing physics inquiry or experiment activities in schools. Different wire-less data automatic recording systems using micro:bit would promote remote data collection, which was technically difficult, and would be a good tool to examine scientific principles in daily life.
Abstract : This study examined the level and type of questions produced by secondary physics gifted students in Havruta learning using ChatGPT. A two-way analysis framework based on the level and type of question was performed on 762 questions with ChatGPT written by 12 middle school gifted students of the Physics convergence track of the Science Gifted Education Center affiliated with J University. For 762 questions, 283 were at the lowest level, 319 at the low level, 121 at the middle level, and 39 at the high level. The types of questions were 283 information types, 373 understanding types, and 106 integrated types. Two-way analysis results showed that according to the level and type of question, the minimum level of factual questions was 279, accounting for 36.6% of the total questions, followed by the low level of causal questions with 259, showing 34.0%. 40 medium-level strategies (5.2%), 29 high level extensions (3.8%), 29 mid-level causal, 25 mid-level analogies (3.3%), 23 mid-level evaluations (3.0%), 18 low level analogies (2.4%), and 10 high level strategies (1.3%) were found to be biased toward specific levels and types.
Abstract : D-Wave quantum annealers offer the lowest possible energy for combinatorial optimization problems via the quantum adiabatic process, while the accuracy of their results is dependent on various parameters such as the embedding chain strength and the annealing time. In this study, we controlled the annealing time, annealing schedule, and reversible adiabatic process to observe the accuracy of the quantum annealing measurement in each situation on a D-Wave quantum annealer with 5000+ qubits. First, we verified that accuracy generally increases with increasing annealing time. However, it is difficult to markedly increase the quantum annealing time due to strong quantum error. We also found that the accuracy of the quantum annealing measurement increases if the annealing pauses for some time and then begins again. Finally, the reversible adiabatic process enhances accuracy.
Abstract : The smallest unit of information in a quantum computer is the quantum bit. The quantum state of a quantum bit can be mapped one to one to the surface of the Bloch sphere. Looking at the Bloch sphere allows observation of the relative positions of quantum states at a glance, which can be of great help in understanding quantum states. In this work, an online 3D simulator is developed that visualizes the Bloch sphere based on VPython. Existing simulators on the web employ methods to visualize the Bloch sphere by manipulating only quantum gates, and some simulators have the problem of having to be downloaded and installed. Our simulator has the feature of allowing immediate observation of the Bloch sphere online by entering any quantum state encountered while investigating quantum computers.
Abstract : An atomic force microscope (AFM) is a powerful analytical tool for many fields of science and engineering. Despite its usefulness, the actual instrument is highly technical and expensive, rendering it inaccessible to a majority of practitioners in science and engineering education. Growing curiosity of students through the hands-on learning method is appealing to education managers. Adoption of LEGO® or similar educational kits into a school environment can not only fascinate the interests of students for learning but also resolve the cost problems. Our conceptual AFM system constructed with LEGO® Education SPIKETM Prime kit is very much suitable for explaining the principles behind the workings of an AFM while promoting students interests in experimental aspects of scientific instrumentation.
Abstract : In this study, mode-locking condition analysis was conducted on an optical fiber laser with λ/4 plate, λ/2 plate, and polarizer sequentially installed inside for mode-locked pulse generation via the nonlinear polarization rotation effect in the optical fiber. To examine the rotation angle conditions of wave plates where mode-locked pulses occur, an experiment was conducted to measure the polarization state of the beam at the optical fiber’s resonator end. The results were employed to acquire a transmittance map of the output coupler based on the rotation angles of the wave plates. The correlation between the measured mode-locking region and the obtained transmittance of the output coupler was analyzed based on the rotation angles of the wave plates. The findings revealed that the rotation angle region of the wave plates where mode-locked pulses occur can be easily observed on the transmittance map.
Abstract : Metallic nanoparticles can transfer light energy to thermal energy through the photothermal effect caused by localized surface plasmon resonance, promoting local heating of a substance. In this study, the effective deposition of gold nanoparticles is demonstrated on a small polystyrene bead (PS bead) by the liquid–liquid interface (LLI) method, and changes in the physical properties of the PS bead by local heating caused by the photothermal effect of gold nanoparticles are observed. The experimental results exhibit that the shape of the PS bead varies due to the melting process when the laser light of the scanning Raman microscope is used. Moreover, the Raman scattering signal of polystyrene in a PS bead was examined and it was concluded that polystyrene does not persist after laser irradiation due to the depolymerization process caused by local heating. These findings demonstrate that the LLI method is useful for depositing gold nanoparticles on small particles, facilitating local heating for polystyrene depolymerization. We expect that our results will be useful in the decomposition and removal of small particles such as fine dust and plastics.
Abstract : Algorithms, a branch of computational science, use software to construct and simulate models and are used in molecular dynamics and protein structure prediction, as well as in medical field such as diseases, radiation therapy, and detector development. In this study, using NI LabVIEW 2014 software, a hyperglycemia prediction algorithm is proposed based on the extended QTc interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) by ventricular repolarization prolongation to prevent hyperglycemia, which can result in arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and death. When the algorithm was applied to the ECG of normal and hyperglycemic patients provided by PhysioNet, we found that the QTc interval was lengthened by more than 57% to 621 ± 69 ms in hyperglycemic patients compared to 395 ± 32 ms in normal patients. Moreover, the assessment of the performance of the designed algorithm demonstrated its reliability, with an accuracy of 92.7%. Thus, the QTc interval can be used as an important predictor of hyperglycemia. Furthermore, algorithmic biosignal analysis can lay the foundation for noninvasive disease prediction and early diagnosis.
Aekyung Shin, Donggeul Hyun, Jeongwoo Park
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2023; 73(1): 37-43
https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.73.37
Chang Won AHN, Jin San CHOI, Muhammad SHEERAZ, Hwan Min KIM, Ill Won KIM, Tae Heon KIM*
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2021; 71(12): 991-1003
https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.71.991
Sangwoo HA, Hyojun SEOK*
New Phys.: Sae Mulli 2021; 71(12): 1044-1057
https://doi.org/10.3938/NPSM.71.1044
pISSN 0374-4914
